Understanding ADHD in Children
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is one of the most common neurodevelopmental conditions affecting children. Approximately 5% of children worldwide meet diagnostic criteria, with symptoms typically emerging before age 12.
Early identification enables timely intervention and support. Children with ADHD face genuine neurological differences in attention regulation, impulse control, and activity levels. These aren't character flaws or parenting failures—they're brain-based differences requiring understanding and appropriate support.
Types of ADHD Presentation
ADHD manifests in three primary presentations. Predominantly inattentive children struggle with focus and organization but may not display obvious hyperactivity. Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive children show high activity levels and difficulty with impulse control. Combined presentation—the most common—includes significant symptoms in both domains.
Distinguishing ADHD from Typical Behaviour
All children occasionally lose focus, act impulsively, or struggle to sit still. ADHD differs in several important ways:
Impact on Education and Social Development
Children with ADHD often face academic challenges despite adequate intelligence. Difficulty concentrating during lessons, trouble completing homework, and disorganization affect learning outcomes. Without support, children may develop negative self-perceptions and reduced motivation.
Social relationships can also suffer. Impulsive behaviour and difficulty with turn-taking may lead to peer rejection. Many children with ADHD struggle with emotional regulation, experiencing intense frustration that impacts friendships and family relationships.
The Diagnostic Process
Assessment typically begins with your GP, who may refer to specialist services such as Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) or paediatric teams. The evaluation process involves:
Supporting Your Child
While awaiting assessment—or alongside formal treatment—parents can implement supportive strategies. Consistent routines, clear expectations, and immediate positive feedback help children succeed. Breaking tasks into smaller steps and providing visual schedules supports organization.
Schools can provide accommodations such as preferential seating, movement breaks, and modified assignment formats. Collaboration between home and school ensures consistent support across settings. Many children with ADHD thrive with appropriate understanding and targeted strategies.